X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF)

Metal absorbs and then emits X-Rays. The emission spectrum is analyzed for characteristic (or fluorescent) X-Ray energy of the constituent elements.

Advantages

Quickly distinguish between metal families (stainless, low-alloys, nickel-alloys)
Distinguish between metals where distinction is not based on carbon content.
Acceptance criterion is not dependent on carbon content.
Very portable - analyzer is held in one hand.
Can grade or analyze small parts.
Can be done on clean, uncoated surfaces with no preparation.